Late Renaissance Rome and Jesuit Culture Policy-Week 3
Alexandria Johnson
This week
we dived deeper into the renaissance and the Jesuits. We started the day off by
going to the Gesu where we learned about the Patron of the arts at the time it
was built, Cardinal Alessandro Farnese. Who was the grandson of Pope Paul III
and had a lot of powerful position which helped him gain the money and influence
to help make the church a possibility. The reason why he was invested into the
Jesuits is because they were established by his grandfather during his time as
pope. The location of the Gesu is also important it was built in the middle of
the city in front of two main cross roads so that they can attract large
crowds. Because at the time that they were just starting out preaching was a
big way to gain influence in the church so they need a lot of people to preach
to. The design of the church was originally going to be very simple because that’s
how the Jesuits wanted it to be but the patron has a large influence on the way
the church was styled so it turned out to be more extravagant in the end. While
were still outside of the Jesuit we learned about the term Volutes which are
the spirals that link the lateral and central portions of the façade, which are
located at the two corners which is important at the time because before that
they just had a triangle and a square and nothing to tie it all together. Once
we entered the church we talked about the interior design which is also very
important because the Jesuits did not have want the two side aisles and the
central naïve they only have the enteral nave because they wanted the church to
be focus on one mass not to have several things going on that would distract
from that. Then we had a presentation on the definition of a nave which is the
central part of the church that connects to the apes at the very end. We continued
by taking about the three phase of the church which makes it so different from
the other late renaissance churches; the phases are the 16th
century, the baroque, and the 19th century decoration. During the 16th
century which is the late renaissance decoration of the church focused on
having a more unified program, which included the designs of the church being
about the spiritual exercises and other important moment in Christianity. Until
the Jesuits got their own saints canonized which change the theme for a lot of
sections of the church. After we discussed this we moved on and were able to
see the painting over Ignatius tomb lowered and the statue reviled which was amazing!
Then we went upstairs to get a closer look of the celling painting done by
Gauli.
The
next stop after the Gesu was Santo Stefano Rotondo which was a beautiful rounded
church dedicated to the martyrs and their deaths. The painting that surround
the walls of the church was painted by Nicolò Circignani who was a controversial
artist because his painting were so graphic and violent. Some peopled loved his
work because it gave an accurate portal of martyrdom which is very important to
the rise of Christianity and some people saw the paintings to graphic and unnecessary.
But it was important to the late renaissance to help bring Christianity
together after the protestant reformation.
Then
we made a stop at San Luigi dei Francesi which is a church that in one of its
chapels holds multiple Caravaggio paintings. There we had a presentation on
this controversial artist. He is considered by most to be one of the greatest
artist but at his time a lot of people did not approve of the way he created
his art, at the time of the renaissance art was become a more technical thought
work so when Caravaggio painted his works by just painting on the surface
without any chalk outlines many people consider it to be a disrespect to art.
He also had many alter pieces that were redone or taken down because the images
would not fit with the mass some of them had the feet positioned right were the
priest would lift the Eucharist and on others people just did not like what in the
a paintings seemed to display. He also had a very scandalous lifestyle he
killed a man in Rome and was a runaway criminal.
Our very last stop that day was the Galleria
Borghese which had many works by Bernini who was very important to the renaissance.
Bernini was an artist who was most famously known by his amazing sculptors. In this
gallery we saw his works of Apollo and Dauphine and his statue of David. The story
of Apollo and Dauphine is the Apollo get shot that the arrow of love and dauphine
gets shot with the arrow of hate by cupid to curse them so Apollo is chasing Dauphine
because he loves her so much but when he catches up to her she turns into a
tree. The sculptor portrays this scene in detail by showing branches growing out
of Dauphine’s nails and other details.
This
past week we learned a lot about the time of the Jesuits which is the late renaissance.
We learned about the way of the Jesuits wanting to have simple art to them
wanting to have elaborate things to show the greatness of the leaders of their society
and we learned about famous artist that help make the idealized style of the
late renaissance.
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